A woman can increase the length of time between periods by taking active pills for more weeks. The bleeding of the period occurs when the hormones are no longer taken during the week that the sugar or placebo pills are taken. Most combination birth control pills contain three weeks of active pills (those that contain hormones) and one week of inactive placebo pills (those that do not contain hormones). If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels fall, which triggers the shedding of the uterine lining and the next period begins. Progesterone stops the lining from growing and prepares it for implantation of an embryo. During the second half of the cycle, after ovulation, progesterone is also made. Under the influence of estrogen, the uterine lining grows to prepare for a potential pregnancy. During the first half of the cycle, only estrogen is made. A menstrual cycle begins with the first day of the period, lasts for about one month and is divided into two halves by ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary). A menstrual period takes place when the uterus (womb) sheds its lining this process is controlled by the hormones made by the ovary (estrogen and progesterone). To understand how birth control pills affect periods, it is helpful to understand how the normal menstrual cycle works. Progestin-only pills are best for women who should not or do not want to take estrogen, but are not used as much because they have a higher rate of causing unpredictable vaginal bleeding for at least the first year. Also, birth control pills can contain synthetic forms of both hormones or progesterone (progestin) only. Birth control pills are made of synthetic (laboratory derived) versions of the two ovarian hormones: progesterone and estradiol. But many women don’t know that birth control pills also can be used to treat a variety of female problems and can have some surprising health benefits. Most women will use birth control pills at some time in their lives.
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Download a PDF of this fact sheet here Noncontraceptive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
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